TL; DR:Amasosiyete y’amaduka yo mu Burayi yongerera ibikoresho byayo byihariye byo mu gikoni arimo kwiyongera ku bikoresho byo mu gikoni by’umwimerere nk’ikintu cy’ingenzi. Uruvange rw’ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa vuba (imigano igera ku musaruro mu myaka 3-5 ugereranyije n’imyaka 20-30 ku giti gikomeye), uburyo bwo gukurikirana icyemezo cya FSC, n’ibiciro bihiganwa biha agaciro ibipimo byo gukata imigano nk’ikintu cyo hejuru kandi gishingiye ku kurambye kwa gahunda z’ibirango by’amaduka yihariye. Iyi ngingo ikubiyemo urwego rw’amategeko agenga ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by’imigano muri EU, icyemezo cy’ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by’imigano ugereranije n’ibiti, imiterere ya gahunda ya OEM/ODM yavuye ku nganda zifite uburambe bw’imyaka 27, hamwe n’ubuyobozi bufatika bwo kugura ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by’i Burayi. Ningbo Yawen International Trade Co., Ltd. imaze imyaka 27 ikora ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by’ibiti n’imigano, itanga ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, ibirango by’ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi mu masoko y’i Burayi bifite ibikoresho byemejwe na FSC.

Urubaho rwo gukata rwa Yawen rw'umugano karemano rufite umugozi w'icyuma — ikirango cy'ibikoresho byo mu gikoni cy'umwihariko SKU ku masosiyete y'imigabane yo mu Burayi.

Impamvu Amasoko Manini yo mu Burayi Arimo Kwagura Ibikoresho byo mu Gikoni Bifite Ikirango Cy’Ibanga Bikoresheje Ibibaho Bitemamo Imigano

Amasoko manini yo mu Burayi akora ku nyungu ntoya - ubusanzwe inyungu iri hagati ya 2-4% mu gice cy’ibiribwa. Gahunda z’ibirango byigenga ni zo zikoreshwa cyane mu kunoza inyungu, zitanga inyungu mbumbe iri hejuru ya 25-40% ugereranyije n’ibirango by’igihugu mu byiciro byinshi. Mu gice cy’ibikoresho by’ibirango byigenga, imbaho ​​zo gutema imigano zagaragaye nk’ikintu cy’ingenzi mu byiciro bitatu bishize.

Muri Yawen, tumaze imyaka irenga icumi dutanga imbaho ​​zo gukata imigano ku masosiyete y’ingufu n’ibicuruzwa byo mu gikoni byo mu Burayi, kandi twabonye ibintu bitatu bitera imbere mu kwaguka kw’imishinga:

Gushyira ibintu mu buryo burambye ku giciro gishoboka:Amasoko yo mu Burayi ari munsi y’igitutu cy’inzego z’ubuyobozi (EU Green Claims Directive, PPWR) n’abaguzi (68% by’abaguzi bo mu Burayi bavuga ko kubungabunga ibidukikije bigira ingaruka ku byemezo byabo byo kugura ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwa McKinsey bwo mu 2025 bwabigaragaje) kugira ngo bagaragaze ko bafite inshingano zo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu bicuruzwa byabo. Ibibaho byo gutema imigano bitanga inkuru yizewe yo kubungabunga ibidukikije - imigano ikura ikagera ku bunini bushobora gusarurwa mu myaka 3-5 idasubiwemo gutera, ifata karuboni ku gipimo cya 4-5 cy’ibiti bingana, kandi ikora ibibaho bikomeye kurusha imigano cyangwa umusenyi (ubukana bwa Janka: umusenyi 1.410 lbf ugereranije na migero 1.450 lbf ugereranije na migero 1.290 lbf). Ku giciro cya €8-€18 ku kibaho gisanzwe, uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije buboneka ku muguzi mukuru w’amaduka, ntabwo ari umukiriya w’iduka ryihariye gusa.

Kwagura icyiciro binyuze mu bunini n'uburyo bw'imikorere:Icyegeranyo cy’ikibaho cyo gukata imigano giteguwe neza gikubiyemo uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha - ikibaho gito (25 × 18 cm, €6-€8) cyo gutegura imbuto/foromaje, ikibaho gisanzwe (38 × 25 cm, €10-€14) cyo gutema imboga n’inyama buri munsi, ikibaho kinini (45 × 30 cm, €14-€18) cyo gutema umugati no gukaranga, hamwe n’urutonde rw’ibibaho bitatu bifite aho bihagarara (€20-€28) byo ku isoko ry’impano n’ibikoni. Amasoko akomeye atangirana na SKU 6-8 zo gutema imigano ahora arusha izifite SKU 2-3 ku kigero cya 40-60% mu mafaranga yose yinjira mu cyiciro, kuko ubwoko bwagutse bufata ibihe byinshi byo kugura aho guhata umuguzi guhitamo ikintu kimwe kijyanye n’ibyo akunda byose.

Igiciro cyo kugura gisubirwamo kiri hejuru:Bitandukanye n'ibyiciro by'ibikoresho byo mu gikoni biramba bigurisha icyiciro kimwe ku rugo mu myaka icumi, ibiraro byo gukata bifite igihe cyo gusimbuza amezi 12-24 ku ngo ziteka buri gihe - bitewe n'ibibazo by'isuku (imiyoboro iri mu bibaho byakoreshejwe irabika bagiteri), kwangirika kw'ubwiza (ibimenyetso by'ibyuma bigaragara), hamwe n'uburyo bukomeje kwiyongera bwo gushyiraho ibibaho bitandukanye by'inyama mbisi, imboga, n'umugati. Ubu buryo bwo gusimbuza butuma habaho inyungu ihoraho kuri gahunda z'ibirango byigenga abaguzi bafite ubuziranenge bagarukaho kugira ngo bagure ibindi.

Ku baguzi ba supermarket bubaka gahunda yo gukata ikibaho cy’imigano, turabagira inama yo gutangiza hamwe n’ikusanyirizo ry’ibanze rya SKU 4-6 zikubiyemo ingano, zifite ubugari bwa mm 18 nibura ku bipimo bisanzwe na mm 22 ku bibaho binini - ibibaho bito (biri munsi ya mm 15) bishobora kugorama mu mezi 6 uhereye igihe bikoreshejwe mu gikoni cyo mu rugo cy’i Burayi (ubushyuhe bwa 40-70%, ubushyuhe bwa 18-25°C).

Icyemezo cya FSC n'Iyubahirizwa ry'Umutekano w'Ibiribwa: Inzu Ngengamikorere y'Ibikoresho byo mu Gikoni bya Bamboo mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi

Ibisabwa n'amategeko agenga ibikoresho byo mu gikoni bya bamboo bigurishwa mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi byarushijeho gukomera mu myaka ya vuba aha. Abaguzi bafata imbaho ​​zo gutema bamboo nk' "ibicuruzwa by'ibiti bidafite amabwiriza agenga ibiribwa" barimo gushyira gahunda zabo bwite mu kaga gakomeye ko kubahiriza amategeko.

Icyemezo cya FSC (Inama y'Ubugenzuzi bw'Amashyamba):Nubwo bidategetswe n'amategeko muri EU, icyemezo cya FSC cyabaye itegeko ryo kugera ku isoko rya gahunda z'ibirango byigenga bya supermarket. Politiki z'ubucuruzi bw'i Burayi zigamije kubungabunga ibidukikije - harimo na Carrefour, EDEKA, Auchan, na Coop - zitegeka amasoko y'ibiti n'imigano byemewe na FSC ku bicuruzwa byigenga byanditseho ibirango. Uruhererekane rw'ibirango rugomba gutandukanywa kuva ku gihingwa cy'imigano (byanditswe n'icyemezo cyemewe na FSC cyo gucunga amashyamba) binyuze mu ruganda rutunganya ibikomoka ku bimera (byemejwe n'icyemezo cyemewe na FSC cyo gucunga amashyamba) kugeza ku bicuruzwa byarangiye. Muri Yawen, dufite icyemezo cy'uruhererekane rwa FSC cyo gucunga amashyamba (FSC-Cxxxxxx) kandi dutanga inomero y'icyemezo kuri buri giciro cya gahunda y'ibirango byigenga. Abaguzi bagomba gusaba inomero y'icyemezo cya FSC cy'umucuruzi kandi bakayigenzura bakurikije ububiko bw'ibyangombwa bya FSC mbere yo gutumiza.

Amabwiriza agenga ibikoresho byo guhuza ibiribwa n'ibiribwa by'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi (EC 1935/2004):Udupapuro two gutemaho imigano dushyirwa mu byiciro nk'ibikoresho byo guhuza ibiryo hakurikijwe amabwiriza y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi yo mu 1935/2004, asaba ko ibikoresho "bitagomba kwimura ibintu biyigize mu biribwa mu bwinshi bushobora gushyira ubuzima bw'abantu mu kaga." Ku dupapuro two gutema imigano, ibisabwa byihariye byo kubahiriza amategeko birimo:

• Umupaka rusange w'abimukira:Kwimuka kw'ibintu byose biva ku mbaho ​​z'imigano bijya mu bicuruzwa by'ibiribwa ntibigomba kurenga 10 mg kuri dm² y'ubuso. Ikizamini kigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe EN 1186 hakoreshejwe ibiryo by'imigano bigaragaza ubwoko bw'ibiribwa by'amazi, aside, n'ibinure. Ibibaho byacu byo gutema imigano bigaragaza ko ibintu byose byimuka biri munsi ya 3 mg/dm², munsi y'umupaka wemewe n'amategeko.
• Irekurwa rya formaldehyde:Imbaho ​​z'imigano zikozwe mu buryo bwo guhuza ibintu (ubusanzwe ni phenol-formaldehyde cyangwa melamine-formaldehyde resins zikoreshwa mu guhuza imirongo y'imigano) zigomba kubahiriza imipaka yo kurekura formaldehyde nk'uko biteganywa na EC 1935/2004. Imipaka yo kurekura ibintu bitaziguye ni 15 mg/kg y'ibikoresho, byageragejwe hakurikijwe EN 1541. Dukoresha kole zo mu rwego rwa E0 (formaldehyde emission class 0) mu gukora imbaho ​​zacu - urugero rwo kurekura formaldehyde ruri munsi ya 5 mg/kg, icyiciro gito cyane cy'imyotsi iboneka.
• Itangazo ryo kubahiriza amategeko (DoC):DoC igomba guherekeza buri kohereza ibicuruzwa mu bucuruzi, ikavuga ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa na EC 1935/2004 kandi ikagaragaza amabwiriza y’igihugu akurikizwa. Dushyiramo DoC mu Cyongereza kuri buri kohereza ibicuruzwa ku baguzi b’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, hamwe n’inyandiko z’ibisubizo bya RFP mu ntangiriro.

Uduti two gutema imigano twinjijwe mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi na two dukurikiza amabwiriza agenga ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa (GMP) ku bikoresho byo gukoranaho n’ibiribwa, n’amabwiriza agenga EU 10/2011 (ku bikoresho bya pulasitiki niba iki gikoresho kirimo umuyoboro w’umutobe wa pulasitiki cyangwa agakoresho ko gufataho). Ikigo cyacu gikorera muri gahunda ya GMP yanditse ikubiyemo kwakira ibikoresho fatizo, ibipimo byo gushyiramo kole, kurangiza ubuso, isuku yo gupakira, no gukurikirana ibicuruzwa. Turasaba abaguzi gusaba kopi y’urutonde rw’ibicuruzwa bya GMP by’umucuruzi mu gihe cyo kugenzura uruganda.

Urubaho rwo gukataho imigano rwemewe na FSC rufite umugozi n'umuyoboro w'umutobe — byubahiriza amabwiriza ya EC 1935/2004 yerekeye ibiribwa kugira ngo bigere ku isoko ry'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi.

Imigano vs. Plastike vs. Inkwi: Icyemezo cy'ibikoresho biri inyuma y'ubwoko bwa none bw'ibibaho byo gukata

Uburyo ibikoresho byo gukata bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ibicuruzwa, uko abaguzi babona ibintu, n'imiterere y'inyungu mu bucuruzi. Buri cyiciro cy'ibikoresho gifite umwanya wo kwirindwa mu bwoko bw'iduka rinini, kandi gahunda nziza cyane zo gushyiramo ibirango byigenga zikoresha itandukaniro ry'ibikoresho kugira ngo zemeze ibiciro.

Imigano (ifite urwego rwo hagati rurambye kandi rurambye):Uduti two gutema imigano dufata umwanya wo hagati wunguka hagati y’uduti twa pulasitiki (ducuruza €3-€7) n’uduti twiza cyane (ducuruza €20-€40). Ku duti twa 8-€18, uduti twa simbi dutanga inkuru yo kurambye (dushobora kuvugururwa, gukata karuboni) nta mbogamizi ku giciro cy’uduti. Mu buryo bufatika, simbi ikomeye 15-20% kurusha ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gutema imigano, bivamo kudakomera neza kw’imigano ariko kandi bigatuma icyuma kidakomera vuba - ubucuruzi bw’ubuhanga dukemura ibibazo by’imigano bikora ku buso bufite ubuso busesenguye neza (400-grit) bugabanya gukururana kw’inkoni. Twapimye ko igiti cya simbi cyarangiye neza gituma icyuma cya simbi gikomera ku gipimo kimwe n’igiti cya maple gikomeye, tugahakana ko icyuma gikomeye cyane ku migano.

Plastiki (PE/Polyethylene boards — urwego rw'agaciro k'ibikoresho):Udupapuro two gukata twa polyethylene ni two duhendutse cyane (dugurishwa kuri €3-€7) kandi ni two tworoshye gukoresha mu gusukura amasahani - inyungu ifite akamaro mu ngo z'i Burayi aho ibyuma byo gukaraba amasahani birenga 60%. Ariko, udupapuro twa pulasitiki dufite inshingano zo gukomeza kubaho: gukaraba kwa microplastic mu gihe cyo gukaraba byagaragaye mu bushakashatsi bwinshi, kandi itegeko rya EU ribuza microplastics (REACH Annex XVII, Incamake ya 82) rishyiraho inzira y'amategeko izashyira igitutu ku bikoresho byo mu gikoni bya pulasitiki mu myaka icumi iri imbere. Ku bijyanye na gahunda z'ibirango byigenga, udupapuro twa pulasitiki turacyari SKU ikenewe ku giciro cyo kwinjira, ariko igice cy'umwanya ugenewe pulasitiki kigomba kugabanuka.

Ibiti bikomeye (Maple, Walnut, Cherry — urwego rw'ingenzi):Uduti two guteka dukoreshwa mu kugura uduti dukomeye dugura amayero 20-40 kandi dufatwa nk'ibikoresho byiza cyane ku bakunda guteka. Ariko, uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibintu birambye ni buke ugereranije n'uduti tw'imigano - imbaho ​​zikozwe mu giti zisaba imyaka 20-40 kugira ngo zikore, kandi uduti twemewe na FSC dufite ikiguzi cy'igiciro kigabanya icyiciro ku kigero cya 10-15% by'ingano y'uduti two guteka mu maduka manini. Uduti tw'ibiti bikomeye dufite umwanya w'ingenzi mu bwoko bw'uduti twubatse neza, ntabwo ari uduti tw'ingenzi dukoresha ingano.

Ku isoko ry’iduka ry’i Burayi ryigenga, turasaba ubwoko bukurikira bw’ibikoresho: 60% by’umugano (ingano y’ibanze n’umubare), 25% bya pulasitiki (igiciro cy’agaciro k’inyongera), 15% by’ibiti bikomeye (ahantu heza ho gushyira ibintu). Iyi gahunda yorohereza umubare w’ibintu mu cyiciro mu gihe igabanya igiciro cyose kuva kuri €3 kugeza kuri €40.ikibaho cyo gukataho imiganoumurongo w'ibicuruzwa muri Yawen ukubiyemo ingano, ubunini, n'amahitamo yo kurangiza akenewe kugira ngo gahunda yuzuye y'ibirango byihariye ikoreshwe.

Imyaka 27 ya OEM/ODM: Uburyo Yawen ashyiraho gahunda yo gukata ikirango cyihariye

Gahunda yo gukata ikibaho cy’imigano ku giti cya buri wese ikubiyemo ibirenze guhitamo ikibaho muri kataloge no gucapa ikirango. Ubunararibonye bwacu muri gahunda amagana z’ubucuruzi bwatumye tugira icyitegererezo cy’ubufatanye gihamye dukurikiza kuri buri mufatanyabikorwa mushya w’ikibaho cy’imigano ku giti cye.

Icyiciro cya 1 — Incamake y'ibicuruzwa n'uburyo bigenwa (Icyumweru cya 1-2):Dutangirana n'incamake y'ibicuruzwa irambuye ikubiyemo igiciro cy'ubucuruzi cyifuzwa, ingano y'ikibaho, ubunini, imiterere y'inkombe (izuzuye, zikozwe neza, cyangwa zigororotse), ubuso burangiye, ibisabwa mu gupfunyika umutobe (ubujyakuzimu n'ubugari), gushyiramo umwobo, n'imiterere y'ibipfunyika. Abaguzi b'amaduka yo mu Burayi bakunze gutanga iyi nyandiko nk'igice cya RFP yabo, kandi dusubiza ku rupapuro rw'ibipimo bya tekiniki rugaragaza buri kimwe mu bisabwa ku bushobozi bwacu bwo gukora. Ibipimo by'ingenzi twemeza muri iki cyiciro: ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubugari bw'ikibaho (± 1 mm), intego yo gukaraba ubuso (Ra 3-6 µm ku buso bucibwa, Ra 1-3 µm ku buso budacibwa), n'ubushuhe (6-10% mu gihe cyo gupfunyika, bipimirwa kuri ASTM D4442).

Icyiciro cya 2 — Iterambere ry'icyitegererezo (Icyumweru cya 3-4):Dukora ingero za mbere yo gukora zikubiyemo ibipimo by'urubaho rw'ingenzi dukoresheje imigano n'ubudodo bw'urwego rw'umusaruro. Ingero zirimo imbaho ​​eshatu ku bipimo by'ingenzi hamwe n'urubaho rumwe rwo gupima kwangiza (ubudahangarwa bwo gukata imbugita, gusiganwa ku mazi no kuyumisha kugira ngo bitange ubudahangarwa, n'isuzuma ry'imyimukira y'ibiribwa mu mazi abira). Ingero zikubiyemo: ingero z'ibicuruzwa, raporo yo kugenzura ingano, icyemezo cy'ikizamini cy'ibikoresho, n'umushinga wuzuye w'itangazo ry'amategeko. Twohereza ingero binyuze mu butumwa bwihuse - ubusanzwe iminsi 5 y'akazi tujya mu bihugu by'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi.

Icyiciro cya 3 — Igikorwa cy’igerageza (Icyumweru cya 5-7):Iyo twemeje icyitegererezo, dukora igerageza ry’imbaho ​​200-500 kuri SKU kugira ngo twemeze ko ziteguye gukora, imiterere y’ubuziranenge, n’uko zigomba gupakirwa. Igenzura ry’igerageza rigenzurwa hakurikijwe igenzura risanzwe rya AQL (Urwego rw’Ubuziranenge rwemewe) 2.5 kuri ISO 2859-1. Igenzura rikubiyemo: ingano n’ubugari, ubwiza bw’ubuso, ubuziranenge bw’umurongo wa kole (icyuho cyangwa utubumbe tugaragara), imiterere y’inkombe n’imfuruka, imiterere y’ibirango bya FSC, n’imiterere y’ibipaki. Raporo y’isohoka ry’igerageza imenyeshwa umuguzi mbere y’uko uruhushya rwuzuye rutangwa.

Icyiciro cya 4 — Gutanga umusaruro w'ingano (Icyumweru cya 8 gukomeza):Umusaruro ugera ku gipimo cy’ingano y’umusaruro, hamwe n’igenzura ry’ubwiza bw’umugano mu ntambwe eshatu: igenzura ry’umurongo mu buryo bwa “bamboo strict” (ubushuhe, ubugari, ibara), igenzura ry’umubumbe ukandagiwe (ubucucike, ubugari, ubuziranenge bwa kole), n’igenzura ry’umusaruro urangiye (ingano, ubuso, ipaki). Igihe cyo gukora ku musaruro w’umubumbe usanzwe (imbaho ​​8.000-15.000 bitewe n’ingano) ni iminsi 25-30 y’akazi kuva ku cyemezo cy’umupilote kugeza igihe FOB Ningbo yohereje.

Serivisi zacu za OEM/ODM ntizirenga ikibaho ubwacyo. Dutanga ubufasha mu gushushanya ibipfunyika, ubuyobozi ku mikoreshereze y'ikirango cya FSC, ubufasha ku mikoreshereze ya barcode na EAN, ndetse no gutegura igenamigambi ry'imiterere ya pallet (ubusanzwe: imbaho ​​40-60 kuri buri karito, amakarito 10-15 kuri buri pallet, amapallet 20-24 kuri buri gikoresho gifite uburebure bwa metero 20). Ku baguzi bashinzwe ingengabihe y'itariki yo gutangiza ibicuruzwa, dukora ingengabihe yo kwemeza mbere yo gukora igenamigambi ry'umuguzi, rihuza buri cyiciro na kalendari y'igenamigambi ry'umuguzi, kandi rigagaragaza ibintu by'ingenzi bisaba gufata ibyemezo byihuse.

Bijyanye:Suzumaubwoko bwose bw'ibicuruzwa byo mu gikoninaubushobozi bw'ikigomuri Ningbo Yawen.

Kuva ku mbaho ​​mbisi kugeza ku icupa ry'ubucuruzi: Uburyo bwo gukora no kugenzura ubuziranenge

Gutunganya imbaho ​​zo gukata imigano ni inzira ikorwa mu byiciro byinshi aho ubwiza bugenwa ku rwego rw'ibikoresho fatizo ndetse no ku rwego rwo kurangiza. Gusobanukirwa uko umusaruro ugenda bifasha abaguzi gusuzuma ubushobozi bw'umucuruzi burenga urwego rw'ubwiza bw'icyitegererezo.

Urubaho rwo gukatamo umugano rwarangiye rufite umuyoboro w'umutobe — rugaragaza uburyo Yawen yasukuye neza (uruvange rw'amasafuriya 400) n'ubuziranenge bwa kole yo mu rwego rwa E0.

Icyiciro cya 1 — Gushaka no gusaza imigano:Dushaka Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) mu mirima yemewe na FSC mu ntara za Zhejiang na Fujian. Umugano usarurwa umaze imyaka 4-5 - umugano muto ntugira ubucucike buhagije bwa fibre (uri munsi ya kg 600/m³), mu gihe umugano ushaje (imyaka 6+) uba woroshye gucikamo ibice kandi urushaho gucikamo ibice mu gihe cyo gukanda. Nyuma yo gusarura, umugano ucibwamo ibice hanyuma ukamunika mu kirere mu minsi 60-90 kugeza ku bushyuhe bwa 12-15%, hanyuma ukamunika mu itanura kugeza kuri 6-10%. Ubu buryo bwo kumisha bw'ibyiciro bibiri burinda gushyuha no gucikamo ibice bibaho iyo umugano wumishijwe mu itanura uturutse ahantu habi.

Icyiciro cya 2 — Guhindura imiterere y'ibara rya karuboni no guhuza amabara:Imirongo y'imigano itekwa mu buryo bushyushye (ikozwe muri karubone) muri autoclaves kugira ngo haboneke ibara ryijimye rya karubone nk'uko abaguzi b'i Burayi babifata nk'ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by'igiciro cyinshi. Igihe n'ubushyuhe bya karubone bigena ibara rya nyuma: karemano (ikozwe muri karubone, ubuki bworoheje), ikozwe muri karubone yoroheje (120°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 2, umuhondo uringaniye), cyangwa ikozwe muri karubone yijimye (135°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 4, umukara wijimye). Muri buri cyiciro, dushyira amabara ku mirongo kugira ngo turebe ko ikibaho cyarangiye gifite imiterere imwe - uburyo bwiza butandukanya ibibaho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru n'ibicuruzwa.

Icyiciro cya 3 — Gukoresha no gukanda bufata:Imirongo y'imigano isizweho resin ya phenol-formaldehyde yo mu bwoko bwa E0 ku gipimo cya 180-200 g/m². Imirongo iteranywa mu cyuma gikamura amazi kuri 130-145°C na 25-30 kg/cm² mu gihe cy'iminota 25-35, bitewe n'ubunini bw'ikibaho. Ubushyuhe n'igihe gikamurwa bigomba kugenzurwa neza - gukamura cyane bigabanya imbaraga z'umugozi w'ikibaho, mu gihe gukamura munsi y'ikibaho bisiga ifu idakora neza ku buryo bishobora gutuma ikibaho kidakora neza mu gihe cyose kibaho kimaze gukoreshwa.

Icyiciro cya 4 — Gushushanya, gusiga, no kurangiza:Urubaho rw'imigano rwaciwe rukatwa hakurikijwe ingano y'urubaho hakoreshejwe router za CNC (kwihanganira: ± 0.5 mm). Buri rubaho rushyirwamo umukandara mu buryo butatu: gusya neza (80-grit), gusya hagati (180-grit), no gusya neza (400-grit ku buso bwo gukata). Gusya neza ni byo bigena ubwiza bw'urubaho - gusya neza bidahagije bituma urubaho rusa nabi, mu gihe gusya cyane bishobora gutwika ubuso no kugabanya ubushobozi bwarwo bwo kurwanya mikorobe karemano, bitewe n'imiterere y'umwobo ufunguye w'urubaho.

Icyiciro cya 5 — Gutunganya no gupakira amavuta:Amavuta y’ubutare yo mu rwego rwo hejuru (yujuje ibisabwa mu bijyanye n’ibiribwa byo mu Burayi) ashyirwa kuri buri kibaho kiri mu cyumba cyo guteramo amavuta, hanyuma agahanagurwa n’intoki kugira ngo habeho uburyo bumwe bwo gupfundikira. Uburyo bwo gutunganya amavuta bufite inshingano ebyiri: burinda ko amazi yinjira mu gihe ibicuruzwa bimara igihe kirekire, kandi butuma ubuso bw’ibicuruzwa buhora bukingiwe n’abaguzi iyo bafunguye ipaki. Nyuma yo gusiga amavuta, imbaho ​​zipfunyikwa ukwazo mu gipfunyika cya shrink cyangwa mu mpapuro zipfunyitse hakurikijwe amabwiriza y’umucuruzi, zanditseho ikirango cya FSC n’inomero y’uburyo bwo gukurikirana, hanyuma zigashyirwa mu makarito yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.

Uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge burimo kugenzura umurongo kuri buri cyiciro cy'umusaruro n'ingero za nyuma za AQL hakurikijwe ISO 2859-1. Ubwoko bw'ubusembwa n'ibipimo byo kwemerwa: kwihanganira guhindagurika (≤2 mm diagonal deviation ku kibaho cya mm 400), inenge yo hejuru (nta cyangiritse, chip, cyangwa kole irenze mm 2), ihinduka ry'amabara (muri urwego rwemewe rwagenwe n'icyitegererezo cy'ibanze), n'ubuziranenge bw'ibipfunyika (nta cyacitse cyangwa amakarito yangiritse). Igice cyose kirenze urugero rwa AQL cyo kwangwa kiratondekwa, hamwe n'ibice byanzwe bitandukanyijwe kugira ngo bisubirwemo cyangwa bitabweho.

IBIBAZO N'IBISUBIZO: Icyo abaguzi ba Supermarket zo mu Burayi bakeneye kumenya ku bijyanye no gushaka ibikoresho byo gutema imigano

Q1: Ni ryari igihe gisanzwe cyo gutumiza ikibaho cyo gukata imigano giturutse mu Bushinwa?
A: Ku itumiza rya mbere risaba kwemezwa kw'icyitegererezo, igihe cyose giteganyijwe ni ibyumweru 7-9: ibyumweru 1-2 byo gusesengura incamake y'ibicuruzwa n'imiterere yabyo, ibyumweru 3-4 byo guteza imbere icyitegererezo no kwemezwa, ibyumweru 5-8 byo gukora, n'icyumweru cya 9 cyo kohereza no gutwara ibicuruzwa bijya ku cyambu cy'i Burayi (FOB Ningbo ujya Hamburg/Rotterdam: iminsi 28-32 yo gutwara ibintu mu mazi). Gusubiramo itumiza ridafite icyitegererezo bikora ibyumweru 5-6 kuva byemejwe kugeza kuri FOB.

Q2: Ni iyihe saha y'igihe cyo gukata urubaho rw'imigano rwatunganyijwe n'amavuta mu bipfunyika bigurishwa?
A: Mu ipaki ifunze neza ibitswe kuri 15-25°C na 40-60% RH, isuku y'amavuta ikomeza kugira akamaro mu mezi 12-18 uhereye igihe yakorewe. Nyuma y'icyo gihe, ubuso bw'ikibaho bushobora gutangira kugaragara nk'ubwumye cyangwa butari bwiza. Turasaba ko ipaki igurishwa ikubiyemo amabwiriza yo kwita ku mavuta y'imyunyu ngugu mbere yo kuyakoresha bwa mbere, kandi ko kode y'igihe cyo kubika ku ipaki igaragaza igihe ntarengwa cyo kubika ku mezi 18 uhereye igihe yakorewe yashyizweho ikimenyetso ku gakarito.

Q3: Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya "bamboo organic" n'ibibaho bisanzwe byo gukata bamboo?
A: Mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by'imigano, "organic" akenshi yerekeza ku migano ihingwa nta miti yica udukoko cyangwa ifumbire mvaruganda mu gihe cyo gukura. Ariko, nta gipimo ngenderwaho cy’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi cy’umwimerere kigenga ibikomoka ku migano - bitandukanye n'ibiribwa, aho icyemezo cy’ubumwe ari ikirego giteganywa n'amategeko. Iyo abaguzi bacu basabye aho imigano ishyirwa, dutanga inyandiko zerekana uburyo bwo gucunga imiti idakoresha imiti yica udukoko mu gihingwa cy’imigano kandi tugatanga inyandiko y’aho ikomoka, ariko tubitandukanya neza n’igipimo ngenderwaho cy’ibiribwa bifite ubumwe bw’umwimerere. Ikirego cyo kwamamaza "imigano ihingwa mu buryo busanzwe" kirasobanutse neza kandi gifite ingaruka nke ku masoko y’ibihugu by’Uburayi.

Q4: Ese imbaho ​​zo gutemaho imigano zishobora gukoreshwa mu mashini yoza amasahani?
A: Ntidusaba gusukura amasahani yo mu gikoni ku mbaho ​​zo gutemaho imigano. Guhuza ubushyuhe bwinshi (65-75°C mu mashini zoza amasahani), guhumeka amazi igihe kirekire, hamwe n'isabune zikomeye za alkaline byihutisha kwangirika kwa fibre ya migano kandi bigabanya igihe cyo kubaho k'imbaho ​​ho 50-70%. Turagira inama abacuruzi gushyiramo amabwiriza asobanutse neza yo kwita ku ipaki ku gipfunyika. Hari abaguzi basaba umugozi wa silicone cyangwa umuyoboro w'umutobe ugabanya amazi ku mbaho ​​zo ku gikoni, ariko inama y'ingenzi ku bikoresho iracyari imwe.

Q5: Ni gute wakwitwara mu gihe nta karita y'umwanditsi kuri ibi bikubiye muri iyi nyandiko?
A: Nk'igice cy'ibikubiye ku rwego rw'ikigo, iyi nkuru yanditswe ishingiye ku bunararibonye bw'itsinda ryacu rikorera mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwa Ningbo Yawen - rigaragaza ubunararibonye bw'imyaka 27 mu gukora no kohereza ibikoresho byo mu gikoni bya bamboo, hamwe n'inyungu zirenga miliyoni 75 buri mwaka kandi ikagirana umubano n'amasosiyete y'imigabane yo mu Burayi, ibirango by'ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, n'abacuruza ibicuruzwa. Ibitekerezo bisangiwe bishingiye ku makuru nyayo y'umusaruro, amahame y'ubumenyi bw'ibikoresho, n'ibitekerezo bitangwa n'abafatanyabikorwa bacu ba gahunda y'ibirango ku masoko y'i Burayi.

Q6: Ni angahe ingano ntarengwa yo gutumiza ku kibaho cyo gukataho imigano gikozwe mu buryo bwihariye?
A: MOQ yacu ya porogaramu zigenga ni 1.000 kuri SKU imwe ku makusanyirizo asanzwe (nibura SKU 2-4) na 3.000 kuri SKU imwe ku bipimo byihariye bisaba ibumba rishya cyangwa ibikoresho bishya. Ku bagura bwa mbere, turasaba ko habaho itegeko ryibanziriza ry’imbaho ​​3.000 kuri SKU 3 (1.000 kuri buri bunini) kugira ngo harebwe igipimo cya gahunda cyo kugurisha mbere yo kwiyemeza gutanga ingano y’imbaho ​​12.000-18.000.

Ku bijyanye n'umwanditsi:Iyi nkuru yanditswe n'itsinda rya Ningbo Yawen International Trade Co., Ltd., ikigo cy'uburambe bw'imyaka 27 mu gukora no kohereza ibicuruzwa byo mu gikoni by'ibiti n'imigano. Yawen yibanda ku kubaka imbaho ​​zo gukata imigano za OEM/ODM, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, n'ububiko bw'ibikoresho byo kubikamo ibyapa by'imigabane bya supermarket zo mu Burayi. Iyi sosiyete ifite icyemezo cya FSC, ifite inyungu zirenga miliyoni 10 z'amayero buri mwaka, kandi itanga ibikoresho byo mu gikoni hirya no hino mu Burayi, Amerika ya Ruguru, na Aziya. Ubuhanga bwacu bukubiyemo ubuzima bwose bwa gahunda y'ibyapa by'imigabane - uhereye ku gushushanya no kubahiriza icyemezo binyuze mu gukora no gupakira ibikoresho mu maduka.