Amakuru - LFGB na FDA byubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by'ibiti: Imipaka yo kwimuka kwa formaldehyde, Ibizamini byo kwimuka kw'ibirahure, n'urutonde rw'inyandiko

LFGB na FDA ni zo nzego ebyiri z'ibanze zigenga ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by'ibiti ku masoko y'i Burayi na Amerika.
Kwimuka kwa formaldehyde kuva ku mbaho zo gukataho imbaho ntigomba kurenza 15 mg/kg hakurikijwe amabwiriza y’ibizamini bya EU.
Ibipimo byo kwimuka kw'ibisigazwa bipima ukwimuka kw'ibintu muri rusange (umupaka wa 10 mg/dm2 EU) ndetse n'ukwimuka kw'ibintu runaka.
Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bakeneye inyandiko zirindwi z'ingenzi: impapuro z'umutekano w'ibikoresho, raporo z'ibizamini, DoC, icyemezo cya FSC, igenzura rya GMP, ibisobanuro, na raporo z'ibicuruzwa bibujijwe.
Kuvugurura ibizamini buri mwaka birasabwa nubwo hatabayeho impinduka mu bicuruzwa kugira ngo bikomeze kuba bigezweho hakurikijwe amabwiriza ahora ahinduka.
Icyemezo cya FSC gishyigikira ariko ntigisimbura isuzuma ry’amategeko agenga ibiribwa.

Ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko

Imiterere y'Ibintu Bikozwe mu Gikoni mu Biti

Dufasha abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by’ibiti n’imigano mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi cyangwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bisaba gukurikiza amabwiriza agenga ibikoresho byo mu gikoni bitandukanye ku masoko. Ku batumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga baturutse mu nganda zacu, gusobanukirwa ibi bisabwa ni ryo shingiro ry’ingamba zifatika zo gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. Kutubahiriza amategeko rimwe gusa bishobora gutuma izina ry’umuntu risubizwa mu gihugu no kwangirika ku buryo burambye.

Dukoresha uburyo bubiri bw'ibanze bugenga ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by'ibiti: LFGB n'amabwiriza ya EU 1935/2004 mu Burayi, hamwe n'amabwiriza ya FDA agengwa na 21 CFR muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Nubwo byombi byemeza ko ibikoresho byo mu gikoni bidatwara ibintu byangiza, bitandukanye mu buryo bwo kubipima, imipaka, no mu kubahiriza amategeko. Twubatse uburyo bwacu bwo kubipima.icyemezo cy'ibikoresho byo mu gikoni bidafite ibiryogahunda yo guhura byombi icyarimwe.

Ingingo yacu ivuga ku mipaka y’imigendekere ya formaldehyde, ibizamini byo kwimuka kw’ibisigazwa, hamwe n’urutonde rw’inyandiko ku batumiza mu mahanga.

Ibikoresho byo gukata ibiryo bya bamboo byemejwe ko byujuje ibisabwa na LFGB na FDA

Urubaho rwo gukataho imigano rwakozwe kugira ngo ruhuze n'ibisabwa mu bikoresho byo guhuza ibiribwa bya LFGB na FDA.

Urwego rwa LFGB: Igipimo cya zahabu cy'Ubudage ku bijyanye no guhuza ibiribwa

LFGB (Lebensmittel- und Futtermittelgesetzbuch) ni itegeko ryacu ry’ibiribwa n’ibiryo byo mu Budage. Yabaye itegeko ry’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi kuko Ubudage ari ryo soko rinini ry’abaguzi kandi ibisabwa na LFGB birakomeye kurusha uko byari bisanzwe mu muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Ibicuruzwa byatsinze igeragezwa rya LFGB bishobora kugurishwa mu bihugu byose bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi.

Itsinda ryacu rigenzura ko buri gice cyujuje ibisabwa mbere yo koherezwa.

Umupaka rusange w'abimukira

Ishingiro ry'igerageza rya LFGB ku biryo ni umupaka wacu rusange wo kwimuka, ugena ingano y'ibintu bishobora kwimuka bivuye mu bikoresho bihuza ibiryo bikajya mu biryo cyangwa mu bikoresho bihuza ibiryo kuri 10 mg/dm2. Iyi ntarengwa ireba ibikoresho byose bihuza ibiryo hatitawe ku bikubiye muri byo, harimo ibiti, imigano, plastiki, ibyuma, na ceramic. Ku bikoresho byo mu gikoni by'ibiti, isuzuma rusange ryo kwimuka rikorwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bihuza ibiryo byavuzwe muriAmabwiriza y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi 1935/2004, harimo amazi yaciwe, 3% by'umuti wa aside asetiki, 10% by'umuti wa ethanoli, n'amavuta ya elayo, bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibiribwa bigenewe gukoreshwa.

Dukora isuzuma ry’amajwi mu kigo cyacu mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.

Isuzuma ry'amarangamutima

Ikintu cyihariye mu isuzuma rya LFGB ni ibisabwa mu isuzuma ry’amatwi, risuzuma niba icyo gicuruzwa gitanga impumuro cyangwa uburyohe budasanzwe ku biribwa. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane ku bikoresho byo mu gikoni by’ibiti, kuko ibiti karemano n’imigano bishobora kurekura ibintu bihindagurika bigira ingaruka ku miterere y’amatwi y’ibiryo. Ibicuruzwa bitsinda ibizamini byo kwimuka kw’ibinyabutabire ariko bikananirwa isuzuma ry’amatwi ntibishobora kubona icyemezo cya LFGB. Uburyo bwacu bwite bwo gukora burimo icyiciro cyo kumisha no gukaraba ibintu bihindagurika mu mubiri wacu.Ibicuruzwa bya bamboo byemejwe na FSC, bigamije gutuma habaho imikorere ihamye mu buryo bw'ibyumviro mu bicuruzwa byacu.

Ibisabwa na FDA: 21 CFR n'amatangazo yo kumenyana n'ibiribwa

Muri Amerika, ibikoresho byo guhuza ibiryo bigengwa n'Itegeko rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ry'Ibiribwa, Imiti n'Ibyuma, hamwe n'amabwiriza yihariye muriIbice 21 bya CFR kuva ku gice cya 175 kugeza ku cya 178Bitandukanye n'umupaka rusange w'ibihugu by'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi (EU), FDA isuzuma ibikoresho buri kimwe, isuzuma ibintu bihari, ubwoko bw'ibiribwa, n'imiterere y'ikoreshwa ryabyo.

Itsinda ryacu rishinzwe kubahiriza amategeko rikurikirana ibisabwa na FDA ku bicuruzwa byacu.

21 CFR 175.300: Irangi rya Resinous na Polymeric

Ku bikoresho byacu by'imbaho bifite amabara yo gusiga, 21 CFR 175.300 ishyiraho imipaka y'ibikomoka ku bimera mu bwoko bwose bw'ibiribwa. Amabara yacu ashingiye ku mazi ku bicuruzwa byacu yujuje iyi mipaka mu byiciro byose by'ibiribwa.

Muri rusange izwiho kuba ifite umutekano (GRAS)

Ibiti n'imigano uko bisanzwe muri rusange bizwi nk'ibitekanye ku biryo kandi ntibisaba uruhushya rwihariye rwa FDA mbere y'isoko. Ariko, iyi ngingo ya GRAS ireba gusa ibikoresho byacu fatizo. Iyo kole, irangi, irangi, cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kuvura bikoreshejwe, ibicuruzwa byacu bigomba gusuzumwa kugira ngo birebe niba byujuje amabwiriza yacu ya 21 CFR.Ibikoresho by'ibiribwa bya FDA n'ibipfunyika byabyoishami ritanga inyandiko z'ubuyobozi zifasha abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kumenya amabwiriza akurikizwa ku bicuruzwa byabo byihariye. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku isoko rya Amerika bagomba gusaba raporo z'ibizamini bivuye muri laboratwari zemewe zisobanura by'umwihariko ibisabwa na CFR 21 bijyanye n'imiterere y'ibikoresho by'ibicuruzwa byabo n'ikoreshwa ryabyo.

Imipaka yo kwimuka kwa Formaldehyde: Imibare ifite akamaro

Formaldehyde ikurikiranirwa hafi mu bijyanye no kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by’ibiti kuko ishobora kuboneka mu mavuta yo guteka, mu mavuta yo gusiga, no mu bintu bisanzwe bibaho mu bwoko bumwe na bumwe bw’ibiti. Inzego z’ubugenzuzi bw’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’Amerika zashyizeho imipaka ikomeye yo kwimuka.

Urwego rw'amategeko agenga	Umupaka wo Kwimuka kwa Formaldehyde	Igipimo ngenderwaho cy'ibizamini	Ifunguro rikoresha ibiryo
Amabwiriza y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi 1935/2004	15 mg/kg y'ibiribwa bivanze	Urukurikirane rwa EN 1186	Amazi, aside asetiki 3%
LFGB y'Abadage (BfR)	15 mg/kg (ibyiciro bimwe biri hasi)	DIN EN 1186 / LMBG B 82.10	Amazi, aside asetiki 3%
FDA 21 CFR	Isuzuma ry'urubanza ku rundi	Amabwiriza ya ASTM / FDA	Bihinduka bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibiribwa
Ubushinwa GB 4806	15 mg/kg (ku giti/umugano)	GB 31604.48	aside asetiki 4%

Umupaka w’izamuka rya formaldehyde muri EU wa 15 mg/kg ukurikizwa iyo ibicuruzwa bipimwe hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ibiryo yavuzwe muriAmabwiriza y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi 1935/2004n'ibipimo byacu byo gupima byasobanuwe mu cyiciro cya EN 1186. Ku bicuruzwa bigenewe gukoreshwa n'ubwoko bwose bw'ibiribwa, isuzuma rikunze gukorwa hakoreshejwe imiti y'amazi n'ibinure kugira ngo harebwe ubwoko bwose bw'ibiryo bishobora gutera.Ikigo cy’Ubudage gishinzwe gusuzuma ibyago (BfR)itanga ibitekerezo n'ibyifuzo bya siyansi bikunze gutanga ibisobanuro by'ibanze ku birebana n'iyi mipaka.

Ku mbaho zo gukata imigano, ingaruka za formaldehyde ziva ahanini ku gikoresho gikoreshwa mu gusya, ntabwo zituruka ku gikoresho cyayo ubwacyo. Gukoresha ibirungo byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bikuraho iyi ngaruka aho isoko rituruka.

Ibizamini byo kwimuka kw'ibicuruzwa byasizwe irangi n'ibyasizwe irangi

Ibikoresho byinshi byo mu gikoni by’ibiti bihabwa irangi ryo hejuru kugira ngo birusheho kugaragara neza kandi birambe. Ibi birangi bitanga ibisabwa by’inyongera nk’isoko rishobora gutuma imiti iva mu bimera ihinduka.

Tugerageza ibicuruzwa byacu bitwikiriwe hakoreshejwe amabwiriza asanzwe.

Isuzuma ry'Imyimukira y'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi

Muri EU, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni bikozwe mu giti bigomba gupimwa kugira ngo harebwe ko byimuka muri rusange hakurikijwe EN 1186-1, aho igena uburyo bwo gupima, ibipimo, n'imiterere. Umupaka rusange w'ubwimukire wa 10 mg/dm2 ureba ingano yose y'ibintu byimuka biva ku buso bw'igitambaro. Uretse kwimuka muri rusange, ibizamini byihariye byo kwimuka birakenewe ku bintu bifite imipaka y'ubwimukire ku giti cyabyo, nka formaldehyde, ibyuma biremereye (lead, cadmium, chromium), na amines z'ingenzi zihumura.Ibicuruzwa by'abaguzi ba IntertekIshami n'izindi laboratwari zemewe zikora ibi bizamini hakoreshejwe amabwiriza asanzwe atuma ibisubizo bivugururwa kandi bikagereranywa.

Isuzuma ry'ibikomoka ku mavuta ya FDA

Dukurikije itegeko rya FDA 21 CFR 175.300, irangi ripimwa kugira ngo rimenyekane ku bicuruzwa bivangwa hakoreshejwe imiti ivanga ibiryo ijyanye n'ibyo twagenewe. Imipaka y'irangi iratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibiribwa: amazi yaciwe ku biribwa by'amazi, 8% bya ethanol ku biribwa by'inzoga, na n-heptane cyangwa ibindi biryo bivangwa n'ibinure ku biribwa by'inyongera. Imiterere y'igerageza, harimo ubushyuhe n'igihe, igenwa hakurikijwe imiterere y'ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa. Ku mbaho zo gukata zishobora gukoreshwa n'ibiryo bishyushye, isuzuma ku bushyuhe buri hejuru rirakenewe. Irangi ryacu ryihariye ryakozwe kandi rikageragezwa kugira ngo rihuze n'imipaka yacu ikomeye y'ikoreshwa ry'ibiryo mu byiciro byose by'ibiribwa, kugira ngo harebwe ko ibicuruzwa byacu byujuje ibisabwa hatitawe ku ikoreshwa ryabyo rya nyuma. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa bacu bashobora gusabainyandiko zijyanye no kubahiriza amategekoku mirongo yihariye y'ibicuruzwa.

Urutonde rw'inyandiko z'abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bo mu bihugu by'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi na Amerika

Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bafite inshingano zemewe n'amategeko zo kugenzura ko ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by'ibiti bazana ku isoko ry'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi cyangwa Amerika byubahiriza amabwiriza yose agenga ibikoresho byo mu gikoni. Kugumana inyandiko yuzuye kandi igezweho ni ingenzi kugira ngo hagaragazwe ko inzego zishinzwe kugenzura isoko zubahiriza amategeko no kwirinda ibikorwa bishobora gukurikizwa.

Inyandiko zirindwi z'ingenzi

Impapuro z'amakuru ku mutekano w'ibikoresho (MSDS) ku bikoresho byose fatizo birimo amoko y'ibiti, imigano, kole, irangi, n'ibyarangiye. Izi nyandiko zigaragaza imiterere ya buri kintu n'ibindi bintu bishobora guteza akaga biriho.
Raporo z'ibizamini byo kwimuka zituruka muri laboratwari zemewe (LFGB, FDA 21 CFR, cyangwa byombi), zikubiyemo kwimuka muri rusange, kwimuka kwa formaldehyde, n'ukwimuka ku buryo bwihariye kw'ibintu byose bibujijwe byagaragaye mu bigize ibi bintu.
Itangazo ry’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ry’Uburayi (DoC) ku masoko y’i Burayi, ryemeza ko ibicuruzwa byubahiriza amabwiriza ya 1935/2004 n’ingamba zihariye zikurikizwa. DoC igomba kugaragaza ibicuruzwa, uwabikoze, amabwiriza yacu akurikizwa, na raporo z’ibizamini iryo tangazo rishingiraho.
Icyemezo cya FSC cy'Uburinzi bw'Ibicuruzwa niba ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe nk'ibikomoka ku buryo burambye. Icyemezo cyacu cya FSC gikubiyemo ibikoresho by'ibiti, imigano, n'impapuro hakurikijwe FSC-STD-40-004 v. 3.0.
Raporo y'igenzura ry'inganda yemeza ko iyubahirizwa ry'amahame meza yo gukora (GMP) nk'uko byasobanuwe mu Mabwiriza y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi 2023/2006. Iyi raporo igomba kuba ikubiyemo inzira zo gukora, uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge, n'uburyo bwo gukurikirana.
Impapuro zigaragaza ibicuruzwa zifite imiterere irambuye y’ibikoresho, ingano, imiterere y’ikoreshwa, n’amakuru yose ya tekiniki ajyanye nabyo. Izi mpapuro zikora nk'ikiraro hagati y’umusaruro w’uruganda n’inyandiko z’amategeko z’utumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.
Raporo z’ibizamini by’ibiyobyabwenge ku byuma biremereye, phthalate, azo color, n’ibindi bintu byose bibujijwe hakurikijwe EU REACH, California Proposition 65, cyangwa andi mabwiriza akurikizwa mu masoko y’abatumiza ibicuruzwa bacu.

Dufite impapuro zuzuye z’ibicuruzwa byacu byose kandi tukabivugurura buri mwaka kugira ngo bigaragaze impinduka zose mu mategeko cyangwa aho bituruka. Itsinda ryacu ry’ubuziranenge rikorana na laboratwari zemewe harimoIbiro Veritasna Intertek kugira ngo raporo zacu z'ibizamini zihuze n'ibyo amasoko akeneye cyane.

Guhitamo Laboratwari zemewe zo gupima

Kwizerwa kw'inyandiko zijyanye no kubahiriza amategeko biterwa n'uko serivisi zitangwa muri laboratwari zihabwa uburenganzira. Inzego zishinzwe kugenzura isoko ziha agaciro gakomeye raporo zituruka muri laboratwari zemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Dukorana na laboratwari zemewe mu gutanga raporo z'ibizamini byacu.

Icyo wakwitaho mu mufatanyabikorwa wo gupima

Mu guhitamo laboratwari yo gupima ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa shimi, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kugenzura ko laboratwari ifite icyemezo cya ISO 17025 ku buryo bwihariye bwo gupima bukenewe, ifite uburambe mu cyiciro cy’ibicuruzwa biri gupimwa (ibikoresho byo mu gikoni bisaba gutegura ingero zihariye no gupima), itanga raporo zumvikana kandi zirambuye z’ibizamini zikubiyemo ibipimo byose by’ibizamini (simulant, ubushyuhe, igihe, ingano y’ibizamini), kandi ishobora gutanga raporo mu buryo bwemewe n’inzego zishinzwe kugenzura ku isoko ry’umutumiza ibicuruzwa. Ku bicuruzwa bigenewe amasoko y’ibihugu by’Uburayi na Amerika, guhitamo laboratwari ishobora gutanga raporo zujuje ibisabwa bya LFGB na FDA muri gahunda imwe yo gupima bigabanya ikiguzi kandi byoroshya imicungire y’inyandiko.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zo kubahiriza amategeko n'uburyo bwo kuzirinda

Ndetse n'abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bafite uburambe bashobora kugwa mu mitego yo kubahiriza amategeko bigatuma habaho gutinda gukomeye, kwangwa kw'ibicuruzwa, cyangwa kubikura ku isoko. Twabonye ingorane dukunda guhura nazo binyuze mu bunararibonye bwacu bwo gukorera abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu bihugu birenga 30.

Gahunda yacu nziza ikemura ibibazo bivuye mu bunararibonye bwacu bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.

Gupima Ibikoresho Bisanzwe Gusa

Tubona ikosa risanzwe: gupima gusa ibikoresho by'ibiti cyangwa imigano tudashyizemo kole, irangi, n'irangi mu gipimo cy'igerageza. Gukurikiza amabwiriza yo guhuza ibiryo bireba ibicuruzwa byacu kuko bizakoreshwa, ntabwo bikoreshwa ku bikoresho fatizo bya buri kimwe. Urubaho rwo gukata rusuzuma formaldehyde nk'imigano yambaye ubusa rushobora kwangirika iyo rupimwe hamwe n'urupapuro rw'irangi n'irangi. Dupima ibikoresho byacu byarangiye, ntabwo ari ibikoresho byacu fatizo gusa.

Kwirengagiza ibisabwa ku gihugu runaka

Nubwo ibizamini bya LFGB muri rusange byujuje ibisabwa n’ibihugu byose bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, bimwe mu bihugu bifite ibindi bisabwa mu gihugu. Urugero, Ubufaransa bufite ibisabwa byihariye ku bikoresho bifitanye isano n’ibiribwa birenga urwego rwacu rwa EU. Ubutaliyani na Esipanye nabyo bifite amategeko agenga igihugu ashobora gukoreshwa ku byiciro bimwe na bimwe by’ibicuruzwa. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba gukora ubushakashatsi ku byo dukeneye ku isoko ryihariye aho gutekereza ko kubahiriza amategeko agenga EU bihagije.

Raporo z'ibizamini zitakigezweho

Gukoresha raporo z'ibizamini zimaze imyaka myinshi bishobora guteza ikibazo niba uruganda rwacu rwahinduye abatanga ibikoresho fatizo, imiterere y'ubudodo, cyangwa sisitemu zo gusiga kuva igeragezwa ryakozwe. Turasaba abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kwemeza hamwe n'ubatanga ibicuruzwa byabo ko imiterere y'ibicuruzwa byacu itigeze ihinduka kuva raporo z'ibizamini zatangwa, kandi ko bakomeza gahunda yo kongera kubisuzuma buri gihe.

Uruhare rw'Icyemezo cya FSC mu Ngamba zo Kuyubahiriza

Icyemezo cya FSC kirushaho kuba ikintu gikenewe ku isoko mu bucuruzi bw’i Burayi, aho amasosiyete nka Aldi, Lidl, na Carrefour yiyemeje kugura ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku bimera birambye. Nubwo bitavuga ku buryo butaziguye ku mutekano w’ibiribwa, FSC igira uruhare runini mu ngamba rusange zo kubahiriza amategeko.

IbyacuIcyemezo cy'uruhererekane rw'uburinzi bwa FSCIgaragaza ibyo twaguze n'ibyo twagurishije mu mbaho, imigano, n'impapuro nk'uko biteganywa na FSC-STD-40-004 v. 3.0, kandi icyemezo cyacu cya Global Recycled Standard (GRS) cyongeraho ikindi cyiciro cyo kugenzura uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa. Ku batumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, ibi byemezo bitanga icyizere cy'uko ibikoresho biri mu bicuruzwa bishobora gukurikizwa aho byaturutse, bishyigikira ibisabwa mu nyandiko z'ibikoresho bya gahunda zo kubahiriza amategeko za LFGB na FDA. Guhuza isuzuma ry'ibiribwa n'icyemezo cyo kubungabunga ibidukikije bitanga uburyo bwo kubahiriza amategeko busesuye bukemura ibibazo by'umutekano n'ibidukikije.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya LFGB na FDA ku biryo bipimwa ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by'ibiti?

LFGB ni Itegeko ry’Ubudage rigenga ibiribwa n’ibiryo (Lebensmittel- und Futtermittelgesetzbuch), rishyiraho amwe mu mahame agenga imikorere y’ibiribwa mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Ku bikoresho byo mu gikoni by’ibiti, isuzuma rya LFGB ryibanda ku kwimuka kwa formaldehyde, imipaka rusange yo kwimuka, n’isuzuma ry’amarangamutima (impumuro n’uburyohe). Iyubahirizwa rya FDA muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika rigengwa n’Itegeko rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika rishinzwe ibiribwa, imiti n’ubwiza, rifite amabwiriza yihariye akubiye mu ngingo ya 21 CFR Igice cya 175-178 akubiyemo inyongeramusaruro z’ibiribwa zitaziguye harimo n’ibirahure, kole, na polymer zishobora gukora ku biribwa. Itandukaniro rikomeye ni uko LFGB ikoresha umupaka umwe rusange w’ubwimuka wa 10 mg/dm2 ku bikoresho byose byo gukora ku biribwa, mu gihe FDA isuzuma ibikoresho ku buryo bumwe na bumwe binyuze mu gutanga amakuru ku bijyanye n’ibiribwa cyangwa ku misoro y’amategeko. Ku batumiza ibicuruzwa ku masoko yombi, turabagira inama yo gupima hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya LFGB na FDA icyarimwe kugira ngo hirindwe ikiguzi cyo gupima gikubye kabiri no kwemeza ko byubahirizwa mu nzego zombi.

Ni iyihe mipaka y'impinduka za formaldehyde ku mbaho zo gukataho imbaho munsi ya LFGB?

Dukurikije LFGB n'urwego rwagutse rw'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi rw'Itegeko 1935/2004, kwimuka kwa formaldehyde mu bikoresho byo mu gikoni by'ibiti ntibigomba kurenza urugero runaka iyo bipimwe hakurikijwe amahame ya EN 1186. Ku bikoresho by'ibiti bigenewe guhuza ibiryo, umupaka wa formaldehyde ukunze gushyirwa kuri 15 mg/kg by'ibiryo bihuza, bihuye n'ibisabwa n'amabwiriza y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi yo mu 2023/1435. Ikigo cy'Ubudage gishinzwe Isuzuma ry'Ingaruka (BfR) gitanga inama z'inyongera akenshi ziba zikomeye kurusha ibisabwa na EU. Ku bibaho byo gukata imigano n'ibiti, formaldehyde ishobora kuba iri mu mavuta akoreshwa mu gihe cyo gukata cyangwa mu gusiga hejuru. Dupima ibibaho byacu byose byo gukata dukurikije imipaka ya EU ndetse n'inama zikomeye za BfR, tukareba ko ibicuruzwa byacu byujuje ibisabwa n'amasoko y'i Burayi akenewe cyane. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba gusaba raporo z'ibizamini byo kwimuka kwa formaldehyde bikorwa na laboratwari zemewe hakoreshejwe ibiryo byacu byihariye bikoreshwa mu ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa byabo.

Ese ibibaho byo gutemaho imigano bisaba uruhushya rwa FDA kugira ngo bigurishwe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika?

Udupapuro two gukata imigano ntabwo dusaba kwemezwa na FDA mbere y’uko isoko ritangira, ariko tugomba kubahiriza amabwiriza ya FDA ku bintu bifitanye isano n’ibiribwa. Dukurikije 21 CFR 170.39, ibikoresho bizwi muri rusange ko bifite umutekano (GRAS) mu gukoresha mu guhuza ibiryo ntibisaba Itangazo ryo Guhuza Ibiryo. Ariko, utubati two gukata imigano dukoresha kole, irangi, cyangwa irangi tugomba kubahiriza amabwiriza ari mu 21 CFR Ibice 175 (inyongeramusaruro ku biribwa: kole n’ibice bigize irangi) na 176 (inyongeramusaruro ku biribwa: ibice by’impapuro n’ibipapuro). Utumiza ibicuruzwa afite inshingano zo kugenzura ko bikurikiza amategeko, akenshi bikubiyemo kubona raporo z’ibizamini bivuye muri laboratwari zemewe zigaragaza ko ibicuruzwa bidashyira ibintu byangiza mu biribwa mu gihe gisanzwe gikoreshwa. Dutanga inyandiko zuzuye zubahiriza amategeko ku bicuruzwa byacu byose byo mu gikoni bifite umutekano mu biribwa byoherezwa ku isoko rya Amerika, harimo na raporo z’ibizamini zigaragaza ibisabwa na FDA 21 CFR.

Ni ibihe bipimo byo kwimuka kw'ibirahure bikenewe ku bikoresho byo mu gikoni by'ibiti bikozwe muri lacquer cyangwa vernis?

Ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by'ibiti byavanzwe cyangwa byashyizwemo vernis bisaba isuzuma ry'imvange y'ibicuruzwa hifashishijwe urwego rwa LFGB na FDA. Muri EU, ikizamini cyacu cy'ibanze ni ikizamini rusange cy'imvange y'ibicuruzwa gikorwa hakurikijwe EN 1186-1, gipima ingano y'ibintu byose biva mu mvange y'ibiryo bikajya mu biryo bihuza ibiryo (ubusanzwe amazi yaciwe, aside asetiki 3%, ethanol 10%, n'amavuta ya elayo) mu gihe n'ubushyuhe byagenwe. Ntarengwa rusange y'imvange y'ibicuruzwa ni 10 mg / dm2. Byongeye kandi, isuzuma ryihariye ry'imvange y'ibicuruzwa, nka formaldehyde, ibyuma biremereye, na amines z'ingenzi zihumura neza, rirakenewe. Munsi ya FDA 21 CFR 175.300, imvange y'ibicuruzwa igomba kuba yujuje imipaka y'ibikomoka ku bimera bitandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibiribwa (amazi, aside, alcool, cyangwa amavuta) n'imiterere y'ikoreshwa (ubushyuhe, igihe cyo gukorana). Ku bicuruzwa byacu, dukoresha imvange y'amazi yakozwe by'umwihariko kugira ngo yuzuze ibisabwa na LFGB na FDA, kandi dutanga raporo z'ibizamini bivuye muri laboratwari zemewe kuri buri cyiciro cy'ibicuruzwa.

Ni izihe nyandiko zemewe n'amategeko abacuruzi bo mu bihugu by'Uburayi bagomba gusaba abacuruza ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by'ibiti bo mu Bushinwa?

Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bo mu Bushinwa bagomba gusaba ipaki yuzuye y'inyandiko zitangwa n'abacuruza ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by'ibiti bo mu Bushinwa, zikubiyemo umutekano w'ibikoresho, kubahiriza amategeko, no gukurikirana uburyo ibicuruzwa bitangwa. Inyandiko z'ingenzi zirimo: (1) Impapuro z'umutekano w'ibikoresho byose birimo ibiti, imigano, kole, irangi, n'ibyarangiye; (2) Raporo z'ibizamini bya LFGB ziturutse muri laboratwari zemewe nka SGS, Intertek, cyangwa Bureau Veritas, zikubiyemo ukwimuka muri rusange, kwimuka kwa formaldehyde, n'ukwimuka ku buryo bwihariye kw'ibintu bibujijwe; (3) Itangazo ry'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi (DoC) ryemeza iyubahirizwa ry'Amabwiriza 1935/2004 n'ingamba zihariye zikoreshwa nka Amabwiriza 10/2011 ku bikoresho bya pulasitiki; (4) Icyemezo cya FSC Chain of Custody niba ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe nk'ibikomoka ku isoko rirambye; (5) Raporo z'igenzura ry'uruganda zemeza iyubahirizwa ry'uburyo bwiza bwo gukora (GMP) nk'uko bisobanurwa mu Mabwiriza 2023/2006; (6) Impapuro zigaragaza ibicuruzwa zifite imiterere irambuye y'ibikoresho; na (7) Raporo z'ibizamini ku bintu bidasanzwe nk'ibyuma biremereye, phthalate, na azo color. Dufite impapuro zuzuye z’ibicuruzwa byacu byose kandi dushobora kubiha abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu bihugu by’i Burayi igihe babisabye.

Ni kangahe isuzuma ry’amategeko agenga ibikoresho byo mu gikoni rigomba kuvugururwa?

Isuzuma ry’amategeko ku bikoresho byo mu gikoni by’ibiti rigomba kuvugururwa igihe cyose habayeho impinduka mu miterere y’ibicuruzwa byacu, imiterere y’ibikoresho, inzira yo kubitunganya, cyangwa umutanga ibikoresho fatizo. Nubwo nta mpinduka, turasaba kuvugurura buri mwaka isuzuma ry’amategeko kugira ngo harebwe ihinduka rishobora kubaho mu bwiza bw’ibikoresho fatizo no kugumana n’ibisabwa n’amategeko bihora bihinduka. Ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, umutumiza afite inshingano zemewe n’amategeko zo kugenzura ko bikomeza kubahirizwa, kandi inzego zishinzwe kugenzura isoko zishobora gusaba raporo z’ibizamini bivuguruye igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, nubwo nta tegeko ryo kuvugurura ryemewe rihari, FDA yiteze ko ibikoresho byo guhuza ibiribwa bikomeza kuzuza amahame akurikizwa mu buzima bwabo bwose bw’isoko. Dufite gahunda yo gupima ibicuruzwa byacu byose birimo kuvugurura raporo z’ingenzi z’ibizamini buri mwaka, hamwe n’ibizamini by’inyongera biterwa n’impinduka mu mikorere yacu yo gutanga ibicuruzwa cyangwa iy’umusaruro. Ubu buryo bwo gukora butuma abatumiza ibicuruzwa bacu bahora bafite inyandiko zigezweho zo kubahiriza amategeko.

Ese ibicuruzwa byemewe na FSC bishobora koroshya inzira yo kubahiriza amategeko ya LFGB cyangwa FDA?

Icyemezo cya FSC nticyoroshya inzira yo kubahiriza LFGB cyangwa FDA, kuko izi certifications zivuga ku ngingo zitandukanye z’umusaruro. Icyemezo cya FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) cyemeza ko ibiti cyangwa imigano bikomoka mu mashyamba acungwa neza kandi ko uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa rukomeza gukoreshwa mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa. Ku rundi ruhande, LFGB na FDA bubahiriza amategeko, bibanda ku mutekano w’ibiribwa n’imiterere y’ibicuruzwa byarangiye. Ariko, icyemezo cya FSC gishobora gushyigikira mu buryo butaziguye inzira yo kubahiriza amategeko mu buryo butandukanye. Ubwa mbere, abatanga serivisi bemejwe na FSC bakunze kugira uburyo bwiza bwo kwandika no kubona amakuru y’ibikoresho bikenewe mu gupima ibiryo. Icya kabiri, inzira yo kugenzura FSC ikunze guhuza n’ibisabwa muri sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge, ishobora gushyigikira uburyo bwiza bwo gukora busabwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi 2023/2006. Icya gatatu, icyemezo cya FSC cyongera agaciro ku isoko, cyane cyane mu bucuruzi bw’i Burayi aho ibyangombwa by’ubuziranenge birushaho kugira ingaruka ku byemezo byo kugura. Icyemezo cyacu cya FSC, hamwe n’isuzuma ryacu ry’ibiryo, giha abatumiza ibicuruzwa ibyangombwa by’ubuziranenge n’umutekano.

Icyitonderwa: Ibicuruzwa byacu bya YAWEN bikorerwa mu kigo cyacu cyemewe. Dupima ibicuruzwa byacu byose dukurikije amabwiriza ya LFGB na FDA. Dutanga inyandiko zacu zuzuye zo kubahiriza amategeko ku batumiza ibicuruzwa. Hamagara itsinda ryacu kugira ngo umenye ibyo ukeneye mu kubahiriza amategeko.

Ray Zhang

Umuyobozi wohereza ibicuruzwa muri Ningbo Yawen International Trading Co., Ltd.

Afite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 15 mu nganda zigurisha ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, Ray ayobora gahunda za YAWEN zo kubahiriza amategeko no kwemeza ibiciro ku masoko yo mu Burayi, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, mu Buyapani na Ositaraliya. Akorana bya hafi na laboratwari zemewe zo gupima kugira ngo arebe ko ibicuruzwa byose bya YAWEN byujuje ibisabwa ku mutekano w'ibiribwa ku bakiriya bacu ku isi. Ray afite impamyabumenyi mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Ningbo kandi yarangije amahugurwa yihariye mu mabwiriza agenga ibikoresho byo mu gikoni.

Vugana na Ray Ifishi yo kubaza

Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-21-2026